THE BEGINNING OF TIME

When we look at the Universe today, we know with an extraordinary amount of scientific certainty that it wasn’t simply created as-is, but evolved to its present configuration over billions of years of cosmic history. We can use what we see today, both nearby and at great distances, to extrapolate what the Universe was like a long time ago, and to understand how it came to be the way it is now.
When we think about our cosmic origins, then, it’s only human to ask the most fundamental of all possible questions: where did this all come from? It’s been more than half a century since the first robust and unique predictions of the Big Bang were confirmed, leading to our modern picture of a Universe that began from a hot, dense state some 13.8 billion years ago. But in our quest for the beginning, we know already that time couldn’t have started with the Big Bang. In fact, it might not have had a beginning at all.

The esteemed theoretical physicist Stephen W Hawking was among the first physicist to proposed that time had a beginning this was Hawking’s PhD thesis at Cambridge and also the foundation stone for his acclaimed book A Brief History of Time.
One of his observations are as follows which he stated at a lecture that whether time itself, has a beginning, and whether it will have an end. All the evidence seems to indicate, that the universe has not existed for ever, but that it had a beginning, about 15 billion years ago. This is probably the most remarkable discovery of modern cosmology.

The time scale of the universe, is very long compared to that for human life. It was therefore not surprising that until recently, the universe was thought to be essentially static, and unchanging in time. On the other hand, it must have been obvious, that society is evolving in culture and technology. This indicates that the present phase of human history, can not have been going for more than a few thousand years. Otherwise, we would be more advanced than we are. It was therefore natural to believe that the human race, and maybe the whole universe, had a beginning in the fairly recent past. However, many people were unhappy with the idea that the universe had a beginning, because it seemed to imply the existence of a supernatural being, who created the universe.

They prefered to believe that the universe, and the human race, had existed for ever. Their explanation for human progress, was that there had been periodic floods, or other natural disasters, which repeatedly set back the human race to a primitive state.
This argument about whether or not the universe had a beginning, persisted into the 19th and 20th centuries. It was conducted mainly on the basis of theology and philosophy, with little consideration of observational evidence. This may have been reasonable, given the notoriously unreliable character of cosmological observations, until fairly recently. The cosmologist, Sir Arthur Eddington, once said: Don’t worry if your theory doesn’t agree with the observations, because they are probably wrong. But if your theory disagrees with the Second Law of Thermodynamics, it is in bad trouble. In fact, the theory that the universe has existed forever, is in serious difficulty with the Second Law of Thermodynamics. The Second Law, states that disorder always increases with time. Like the argument about human progress, it indicates that there must have been a beginning. Otherwise, the universe would be in a state of complete disorder by now, and everything would be at the same temperature. In an infinite and everlasting universe, every line of sight would end on the surface of a star. This would mean that the night sky, would have been as bright as the surface of the Sun. The only way of avoiding this problem, would be if for some reason, the stars did not shine before a certain time.

When applying Einstein’s general relativity theory, the Universe has always been expanding. If one is able to reverse the process all the way back one may know what happened at the beginning of time which till date has been a challenge for all physicists specialised in cosmology.
The concept of star and spacetime singularity is the closest that all the scientist world over have reached. Eminent mathematical physicist Roger Penrose has stated Star is more than three times the size of our Sun, ought to end its life how? With a collapse. The gravitational forces of the entire mass overcoming the electromagnetic forces of individual atoms, and so collapsing inwards. If the star is massive enough, it will continue this collapse, creating a black hole, where the warping of spacetime is so great that nothing can escape. Not even light. It gets smaller, smaller, the star in fact gets denser as atoms, even subatomic particles, get literally crushed into smaller and smaller space. And at its end point, what are we left with? A spacetime singularity in which both space and time come to a stop.
Stephen Hawking applied this theory of Penrose based on blackholes on the entire Universe which led to the popular consensus of the Universe being born from a blackhole exploding

Meanwhile only time will be able to tell if it had a beginning. Until then we should always try to learn something new like the universe is constantly expanding similarly the world is constantly progressing So we should always try to acquire and develop new qualities otherwise we might end up being like the spacetime singularity and find ourselves outdated then we may be incapable of living in this progressing world. Gone are the days of the survival of the fittest now it is the trend of survival of being the learnerst that is only the one will be able to survive this progressing world who is able to learn the most.